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Motion in straight line
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PHYSICS: Motion in straight line | Numerical ,notes

4 minute read
  1. Speed and Velocity
  2. Types of Motion
  3. N/A
  4. N/A


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Equation for displacement
Displacement =(change of position ) in a particular direction.

  1. Displacement=final position - initial position.
  2. Position is denoted using position coordinates(x,y,z).
Second case.;
delta =Δ.;
displacement =Δx.;
Δx = (x1-x2){Where x1 is final positon and x2 is initial position.}

For example....;


Displacement (Δx) = x2 - x1
Δx = -5 - 0
Δx = -5m (SI unit is compulsory.)


  1. Displacement always denoted by (Δx).
  2. If displacement is in upward direction then it will be positive positive.
  3. If displacement is in downward direction it will be negative.
  4. Distance is magnitude of displacement. Displacement should be written in signs other wise it will become distance.

Speed and Velocity

1.Speed is the magnitude of velocity.
2.Speed - rate of change of position.; any direction (scalar quantity).
3.Speed =distance by time [SI unit m/s].


Types of speed,

Types of Speed

1.Uniform speed.
-Equal distance in equal interval of time..;
2.Variable speed.
-Unequal distance in equal interval of time.. Or equal distance in unequal intervals of time.
3.average speed.
-When a body moves with variable speed Formula = total distance upon total time.
4.Instantaneous speed(new topic).
-The speed of an object at any particular instant of time or at a particular point of its path.

What is the difference between average and instantaneous speed?

Ans-Average speed is the speed averaged over a span of time. Usually the total distance covered divided by the total time span. Instantaneous speed would be the speed for any given instant within that span of time, meansured with a realtime speedometer.
  1. Velocity is rate of change of displacement.
  2. If Displacement is positive so velocity will be positive ,if it is negative velocity will be negative.
  3. Velocity = Rate of change of position in particular direction then it will be velocity.
  4. Velocity= displacement /time Or rate of displacement.

Average speed Vs
  • Average speed = x2-x1/t2-t1
  • Average speed = Δx/Δt
  • X2 - x1 = Δx
  • T2 - t1 = Δt
The limiting value of this average speed when the time interval ‘Δt’ approaches.; zero gives.; the instantaneous speed.
Instantaneous speed = ΔX [limit {(Lt or Ltm)}] / ΔT [(Δt --> 0)]

Instantaneous speed = ΔX [limit {(Lt or Ltm)}],What is the difference between average and instantaneous speed? / ΔT [(Δt --> 0)],

Instantaneous speed is the first derivation of x (position) w.r.t(with the respect) to time (t).
Or
Derivative ‘x’ w.r.t ‘t’.

Derivative ‘x’ w.r.t ‘t’.

Numerical problems based - speed


Types of Motion

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